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Panicum coloratum
''Panicum coloratum'' is a species of grass known by the common names kleingrass, blue panicgrass〔(''Panicum coloratum''. ) Tropical Forages.〕 (USA),〔(Bambatsi Panic. ) Government of Western Australia Department of Agriculture and Food.〕〔(''Panicum coloratum''. ) USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet.〕 white buffalograss (southern Africa);〔 Bambatsi panic, makarikari grass,〔 and coolah grass (Australia).〔 It is native to Africa,〔 and it has been introduced elsewhere, such as the United States and Australia, and bred into many cultivars.〔
This plant is variable in appearance.〔 In general, is a perennial bunchgrass which usually has rhizomes. The firm, usually erect stems grow up to 1.4 meters tall. The leaf blades are 10 to 30 centimeters long.〔(''Panicum coloratum''. ) Grass Manual Treatment.〕 They are green to a waxy blue-green color.〔 The panicles are variable in length.〔 The spikelets are green and purple.〔
This grass is used as a pasture grass and to make hay.〔 It produces a large amount of forage for animals.〔 It is drought-tolerant and does well in hot climates.〔Blake, C. (Kleingrass gains ground in desert ag. ) ''Western Farm Press'' September 3, 2009.〕 This C4 plant can grow on saline soils〔Behling, A. (Kleingrass catches on. ) ''Hay and Forage Grower'' February 1, 2001.〕 and requires an amount of sodium for effective photosynthesis.〔Murata, S. and J. Sekiya. (1992). (Effects of sodium on photosynthesis in ''Panicum coloratum''. ) ''Plant Cell Physiol'' 33(8) 1239-42.〕〔Matoh, T. and S. Murata. (1990). (Sodium stimulates growth of ''Panicum coloratum'' through enhanced photosynthesis. ) ''Plant Physiol'' 92 1169-73.〕 Different cultivars have varying tolerances of sodium.〔Taleisnik, E., et al. (1998). (Salinity effects on the early development stages of ''Panicum coloratum'': Cultivar differences. ) ''Grass and Forage Science'' 53(3) 270-78.〕 While it makes a good graze for animals, the grass has occasionally been associated with liver damage and photosensitivity in young ruminants and horses.〔〔(Hepatotoxic Plants. ) Merck Veterinary Manual.〕〔Bridges, C. H., et al. (1987). (Kleingrass (''Panicum coloratum'' L.) poisoning in sheep. ) ''Vet Pathol'' 24(6) 525-31.〕 This photosensitivity can lead to sunburn, which causes swelling of the head and ears of the animal, a condition commonly called "swellhead".〔(Sheep, goat producers should watch for kleingrass problems. ) ''Livestock Weekly''〕
Cultivars include 'Pollock', 'Bambatsi',〔 'Bushman Mine', 'Verde',〔 and 'Kabulabula'.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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